🧠 Neurodevelopmental profiles in early childhood. Understanding your child’s needs

Learn about neurodevelopmental profiles in early childhood, including autism, ADHD, and sensory needs. Support your child’s development with confidence 💬👶

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Understanding neurodevelopmental profiles in early childhood

When your child is small, every sound, smile, and wobble feels like magic. But sometimes you notice things that make you pause – maybe your child plays a little differently, or doesn’t respond in ways you expected. That’s when understanding neurodevelopmental profiles in early childhood can be so helpful. At Fun and Play, we are carers and parents too, navigating this world alongside you, and this guide is here to help you feel more informed and less alone 💛

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🧩 What are neurodevelopmental profiles?

Neurodevelopmental profiles describe how a child's brain grows and works. They affect how children think, play, communicate, and manage emotions. Recognising your child’s individual profile can help you choose the right support at the right time.

Autism (Autism Spectrum Condition, ASC)

Autism is a spectrum, meaning each child’s experience is different. Some children might use lots of words but still find social cues tricky. Others might be non-verbal and communicate in their own ways. Some mask their differences during the day and melt down when they get home. Home observations are often more accurate than what you might see in public.

ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)

Children with ADHD often show differences in attention, focus, and movement. You might notice impulsiveness, fidgeting, or difficulty sitting still. At home, trampolines, swings, and spinning toys can help manage energy levels and give sensory input.

Co-occurring profiles like AuDHD and PDA

It’s not unusual for a child to meet criteria for both autism and ADHD, often called AuDHD. Another profile sometimes seen is Pathological Demand Avoidance (PDA), where a child avoids everyday demands due to anxiety and a need for control. These children can appear confident but are often overwhelmed underneath. Flexibility and understanding are key.

Sensory processing differences

Many children, including those with Down syndrome or advanced cognitive profiles, experience sensory processing challenges. They may be sensitive to sound, light, textures, or touch. Sensory processing is not limited to one diagnosis and often plays a big role in how a child experiences the world.

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📝 Spotting the signs and starting the process

You don’t need a formal diagnosis to recognise that your child’s needs are different. If you notice patterns or challenges, it’s okay to act early. Start with observations and speak with your nursery SENCO or GP.

Keep notes, videos, or examples of your child’s behaviour – this can support any assessment process. It can also help you access financial support and education plans.

Even if assessments are still pending, you can apply for:

• Disability Living Allowance (DLA): this financial support can help with therapies, travel, and respite. It’s best to describe your child on their most challenging days.
• Education, Health and Care Plan (EHCP): you don’t need a diagnosis to apply. Your child’s setting can provide evidence of their needs. You can also submit your own request directly.

Private assessments can be quicker, but there are NHS options including the “Right to Choose” pathway for ADHD. Waiting times can vary, so it’s okay to explore multiple routes.

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⛅ Early support makes a difference

Getting the right help early on gives your child the strongest foundation. Here are some key forms of support that can be helpful from the toddler and preschool years:

EHCPs

An EHCP is a legal document that sets out your child’s needs and the support required. It covers education, health, and social care. While the process can take months, it can make a lasting difference – especially when it starts early.

Therapies

• Speech and Language Therapy (SLT): essential for children with communication differences.
• Occupational Therapy (OT): supports sensory regulation, fine motor skills, and independence.
• Physiotherapy: especially helpful for children with mobility differences.
• Creative therapies: music, art, and play therapy can support emotional wellbeing and expression.

Short breaks and respite

Your Local Authority may offer funding for activities that give your child a positive experience and you a break. This might include 1:1 swimming sessions, soft play clubs, or inclusive holiday schemes.

Choosing the right nursery or preschool

Look for early years settings that are naturally inclusive. A proactive SENCO, flexible routines, and quiet zones can all help children with additional needs thrive. Smaller environments can reduce overwhelm and help with sensory processing.

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🤝 Building your support circle

You’re not meant to do this alone. Local SEND networks, parent forums, and organisations can give you practical guidance and emotional support.

A few useful places to start:

• IPSEA and SOS!SEN: for EHCP and education rights support
• Action for Carers Surrey: can help with DLA forms and signposting
• Skylarks: run brilliant talks and family sessions, including for siblings

There are also courses and webinars out there, including on understanding autism or managing anxiety, ask your local SEND team for suggestions.

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💬 FAQs – neurodevelopmental profiles in early childhood

Do I need a diagnosis to get support for my child?
No. You can apply for an EHCP or DLA based on your child’s needs, not a label.

Is it okay to go private for assessments?
Yes. While NHS services are free, wait times are long. Many families use private routes, including those still eligible for NHS input.

Can children “grow out” of neurodevelopmental differences?
These differences are part of how a child’s brain is wired. Support helps them develop skills and strategies that work for them.

What if I don’t agree with what professionals are saying?
Trust your instincts. Gather your own evidence and don’t be afraid to seek second opinions or use independent advice services.

Where can I meet other parents going through this?
Look for local SEND groups, online communities, or ask your nursery if they know of any coffee mornings or support meetups.

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🌈 Final thoughts from Fun and Play

Understanding neurodevelopmental profiles in early childhood can feel overwhelming at first, but it doesn’t need to be lonely or confusing. You don’t need to have all the answers right away. The most powerful thing you can do is tune in to your child, support their differences, and find what works for your family.

You are doing an amazing job 💛 Keep going, and know we’re walking this path beside you.